The Revolutionary: Samuel Adams

"The Revolutionary: Samuel Adams" by Stacy Schiff is an insightful and dynamic biography that reaffirms the crucial role Samuel Adams played in the American Revolution. Highlighted by Thomas Jefferson's assertion that Adams was the true leader of the movement, Schiff's narrative delves into the life of this passionate revolutionary who combined high ideals with gritty tactics to rally the American colonies against British oppression. Adams amplified significant events like the Boston Massacre and was instrumental in orchestrating the Boston Tea Party, using his skills as a communicator to galvanize a diverse array of supporters. Schiff brings Adams to life as a complex figure, transforming from the privileged son of a well-to-do family into a fierce and charismatic political radical. By capturing his fervent dedication to the cause, she uncovers how he became one of the most wanted men in America, particularly when Paul Revere rode to warn him of impending arrest for treason. "The Revolutionary" is both an arresting and dramatic account of Adams’s journey, enriching our understanding of a pivotal moment in history and the man who helped shape it. With Schiff’s masterful storytelling, this biography offers a long-overdue look at Adams’s legacy and the enduring impact of his relentless pursuit of liberty and justice.

Stacy Schiff has written a good account of a true revolutionary in Samuel Adams. By her own admission he was someone who was difficult to write a good and comprehensive biography. Adams burned most of his writing and correspondence out of fear for his own life and others during these turbulent times. So much of what he really thought and aspired to is lost. There is much here to learn though I didn't know much about him at all. I have been reading about many of the ones of that era and his name kept coming up so I obtained this book to learn more about him. He really was the founder of the revolution and kept it alive when many were still trying to reconcile with the crown. The only downside to this book is I found the narrative style of Ms. Shiff a little choppy and could be hard to read at times. But that is just me and my preferred writing styles. Still a good book to read if you are interest in early American history and to the events that lead to out independence.

Most people today probably know Sam Adams as a brewer. He was one but not a very good one. At least, he ran the business created by his father into the ground. But Sam Adams was perhaps more responsible for the Revolution than anyone else. Adams was devoted to liberty. When England, which had generally given the colonies free rein to create democratic institutions, decided to take more control, Adams was the opposition. " Taxation without representation" were fighting words to Adams. Adams used every means at his disposal to fight. Mostly he used the press. At times, he was not constrained by the truth. As today, that was not unusual. He also arranged for mobs and violence. But not only did he convince Boston and Massachusetts to support the Revolution, he was perhaps primarily responsible for convincing all the colonies. His articles were reprinted everywhere. His master stroke was creating committees of correspondence throughout the colonies that kept each other informed of every English slight to liberty. This resulted in people seeing the colonies as linked together in opposition to England. Without this there would be no Revolution. The Revolutionary is an excellent biography that will hopefully begin a new appraisal of Sam Adams.

Quick delivery, excellent quality book at an inexpensive price

Samuel Adams deserves a more prominent place for his role in the achievement of American independence from Britain than most histories have recorded, argues author Stacy Schiff in this biography. Arguably, there are three reasons why Samuel Adams’ name doesn’t appear in the same Pantheon as his cousin John Adams or founding fathers George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Hancock, and Alexander Hamilton. First, Samuel Adams was a member of an “older generation.” The other “Founders of Our Country” were at least 13 and as much as 35 years younger than Samuel Adams. Only Benjamin Franklin was older. Second, Adams’ writings first came to attention in the 1760s. Early on, his argument was for equal representation in Parliament rather than independence. When such a call for equal treatment and “no taxation without representation” was ignored by London, he stirred up rancor that led to the Boston Tea Party. When that led to a British decision to close Boston Harbor, Adams had additional reason to provoke resentment. Through articles and pamphlets written under some 30 pseudonyms, he was not above exaggerating British slights and failures. Third, Adams’ influence was generated by his talent as a propagandist and as a leader in the Massachusetts House. Although he galvanized public opinion against British rule in the other colonies, he was less influential in the Continental Congress. He left few papers, perhaps because in the 1760s and early 1770s he faced the risk of arrest as one of the most outspoken critics of the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts and of British rule generally. Once the Revolution was won, he became an unwelcome curmudgeon, failing to provide a vision of what this new country might be. The most enlightening part of the book concerns Samuel Adams’ role in the early events that preceded the Declaration of Independence by as much as 30 years. The American colonies were land rich, short of labor (which the South solved through the evil of slavery), and capital poor. Sam Adams’ father was a successful businessman with a malt business (not a brewer but a supplier to brewers), and sent his son to Harvard where he graduated sixth in his class of 23. Astonishingly, class rank was established by social standing rather than academic excellence! Samuel Adams had an early reason to resent Parliament and its representatives in North America. In 1744 when he was 22, his father was nearly wiped out by The Land Bank Crisis. The rapidly growing economy was in great need of capital. To provide liquidity, The Massachusetts House voted to issue paper money backed by land ownership. Samuel Adams’ father, like many who were land rich and cash poor, pledged his land for cash, only to see the Royal Governor’s Council veto the program, and Parliament in London prohibit such an initiative going forward. Required to come up with British currency to cover the debt they had assumed through the Land Bank program, the Adams family was forced into financial straits from which they never fully recovered. As to labor, the opportunities abundant in America created problems of governance for the British. In order to make a new life, British sailors often jumped ship when docked in American ports. In 1747, Boston mobs prevented the impressment of Americans to fill vacancies on British ships. Parliament had a free hand to collect taxes in England and indeed the rate of taxation was higher at home than in the American colonies. The military and administrative cost of protecting the colonists were high and collecting taxes was difficult. Parliament felt it had every right to impose the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 and did so without consultation with its American colonies. By this time, as a member of the Massachusetts House and as a propagandist, Samuel Adams became the most prominent voice of protest against “taxation without representation.” Boston had six newspapers which were his preferred method of advancing argument. Adams drafted a Resolve of the Massachusetts House, a document intended to be a North American Magna Carta, spelling out the rights of Massachusetts and intended as a model for the other states. This was rejected by London, which never came to grips with the aspirations of colonists so far away. Adams realized that the yoke of British tyranny could be overthrown only if Massachusetts was joined by other American colonies. Through his writing he tried to influence opinion in Philadelphia, Virginia, and beyond. As the 1770s unfolded, Adams was not alone in mobilizing resistance to British rule. Paul Revere took considerable license in his engraving of the Boston Massacre. Thomas Paine rose to prominence. In addition to his writings, Schiff argues that Adams was often directing action behind the scenes, as in the case of the Boston Tea Party which he may have helped plot even though he was not present as the act was committed. By 1775, Adams and John Hancock were two of the most prominent voices for independence, and were acclaimed by crowds as they made their way to Philadelphia for the Continental Congress. It is remarkable that neither man was seized by the British and charged with treason. But according to Schiff, General Gage worried that, if arrested, these two men would be replaced by ten more. Once the Revolutionary War had been won, Samuel Adams found his influence diminishing. Other founding fathers assumed prominent positions in the new nation. He briefly succeeded John Hancock as governor of Massachusetts but never achieved a national role. Without a body of writing that was directly attributable to him given his many pseudonyms, and seemingly out of step with the concerns of the new nation, his influence in provoking rebellion was largely forgotten. It’s quite a tale, but I was frustrated with Schiff’s writing style. It wasn’t until I finished the book, feeling that it was a slog, that I looked at other reviews and found criticism of her writing to be shared. Many readers will be interested to learn about Samuel Adams but will have to draw upon personal resolve to finish the book.

A well written book. A bought the Hard Copy. Now a prized addition to my library.

An interesting glance into the life of a crucial - yet often forgotten - figure in the American Revolution.